నైరూప్య

Four-dimensional model of space

V.A. Tokarev

Time is our perception of the movement of a closed three dimensional Universe in the direction of the orthogonal fourth spatial dimension due to its own expansion. Such a hypothesis makes it possible to explain the reason for the limit of the speed of light, the mechanism of cosmological time dilation, time dilation when moving at high speeds and in strong gravitational fields, as well as the explanation of cosmological red shift without involving the Doppler Effect. Matter can be represented in the form of electromagnetic waves rolled into a ring, which explains the particle-wave dualism of matter, the quantum properties of the microcosm and the paradoxes of the spin of elementary particles. It is possible to explain the apparent accelerated expansion of the Universe without the participation of dark energy, as well as the excess of the estimated mass of galaxies over visible one without the participation of dark matter. The presented model allows us to estimate the radius of a closed Universe of 1.1 Gpc, the rate of expansion of the Universe - 80,000 kms^-1, and the speed of propagation of relict background radiation - 80 kms^-1. Incredibly, such a radical hypothesis allows for a fairly simple and repeatable experimental test based on measuring the propagation speed of background radiation, which was successfully done later.